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洱海是一永久性含氧湖泊。对洱海沉积物中铁、锰的分布特征进行了分析，说明洱海沉积物中铁的循环比锰微弱的多，铁氧化物的还原作用受到了溶解氧和锰氧化物的双重控制。输入沉积物中的铁大部分都保存于沉积物中。锰氧化物的还原虽然也受到溶解氧的制约，但其还原作用仍很激烈，所以锰对环境的敏感程度比铁高，沉积物中的铁具有环境记录意义，而锰不具有环境记录意义。
Erhai Lake is a permanent oxygen lake. The distribution characteristics of iron and manganese in the sediments of Erhai Lake were analyzed. The results showed that the cycling of iron in sediments of Erhai Lake was much weaker than that of manganese, and the reduction of iron oxide was under the dual control of dissolved oxygen and manganese oxide. Most of the iron in the input sediment is stored in the sediment. Although the reduction of manganese oxide is also restricted by dissolved oxygen, its reduction effect is still very intense. Therefore, the sensitivity of manganese to the environment is higher than that of iron. The iron in sediments has environmental significance and manganese does not have environmental significance.