消费者剩余是衡量消费者福利的重要指标,是经济学中常用的分析工具。所谓消费者剩余,是指消费者消费一定数量的某种商品愿意支付的最高价格与这种商品的实际价格之间的差额。尽管消费者剩余理论已经得到了广泛地应用,但对它却一直存在着争论。一、消费者剩余理论的提出法国工程师Jules Dupuit首先在1844年提出了消费者剩余的观点,后来马歇尔将它正式称为“消费者剩余”。 1.Ddupuit的主要观点。Dupuit的消费者剩余思想主要来源于他对当时公共部门融投资问题的争 Consumer surplus is an important indicator to measure the welfare of consumers and is a commonly used analytical tool in economics. The so-called consumer surplus refers to the difference between the highest price a consumer is willing to pay for a certain quantity of a commodity and the actual price of that commodity. Although consumer surplus theory has been widely used, but it has been there for debate. First, the theory of consumer surplus put forward French engineer Jules Dupuit first proposed in 1844 consumer surplus point of view, and later Marshall formally called it “consumer surplus ”. 1.Ddupuit’s main point of view. Dupuit’s consumer surplus thinking comes mainly from his controversy over the public sector financing