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为定位水稻发芽期和芽期耐冷性的加性QTL和上位性QTL,本试验以粳稻品种空育131和东农422构建的F7代重组自交系(RIL)190个家系为作图群体,利用104个SSR标记构建遗传连锁图谱,利用完备区间作图法分别对低温发芽力和芽期耐冷性进行QTL定位并分析其加性效应和上位性效应。结果检测到控制芽期耐冷性的1个加性QTL位于4号染色体上,贡献率为16.84%;17个控制低温发芽力的加性QTL分别位于第1、2、3、6、7、9、12染色体上,贡献率为5.64%~35.67%;控制芽期耐冷性的上位性QTL2对,累积贡献率19.3%;控制发芽期耐冷性的上位性QTL 33对,各性状累计贡献率介于18.35%~91.08%,分别控制第7、10、11、15天的发芽率和平均发芽天数的表达,累积贡献率分别为87.88%,87.38%,91.08%,78.68%和18.35%。上位性在水稻发芽期和芽期耐冷性遗传中作用重大,因此,在分子标记育种中加性QTL和上位性QTL是很重要的。
In order to locate the additive QTLs and epistasis QTLs for cold tolerance at the germination and bud stage of rice, 190 families of F7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) constructed from japonica rice variety Kongyu 131 and Dongnong 422 were selected as the mapping population, The genetic linkage map was constructed using 104 SSR markers. QTL mapping of cold-tolerant and bud-tolerant at low temperature was conducted by using the complete interval mapping method. The additive and epistatic effects were analyzed. Results One additive QTL controlling cold tolerance in bud stage was detected on chromosome 4 with a contribution rate of 16.84%. Seventeen additive QTLs controlling germination ability at low temperature were located on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 7th, , On chromosome 12, the contribution rates were 5.64% ~ 35.67%. The epistatic QTL2 pairs with cold tolerance at bud stage were accumulated and the cumulative contribution rate was 19.3%. 33 pairs of epistatic QTLs controlling cold tolerance at germination stage, the cumulative contribution rate of each trait 18.35% ~ 91.08%. The germination rate and the average number of germination days on the 7th, 10th, 11th and 15th days were respectively controlled. The cumulative contribution rate was 87.88%, 87.38%, 91.08%, 78.68% and 18.35% respectively. Epistasis plays an important role in the inheritance of cold tolerance at the germination and bud stage of rice. Therefore, it is very important to add additive QTL and epistatic QTL in molecular marker breeding.