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在全球气候变化背景下,加之岩溶生态系统的脆弱性及敏感性,地表水与地下水交换迅速,岩溶水动力系统对人类活动及其造成的生态环境变化反馈敏感。岩溶地区人类活动导致的植被退化、石漠化等环境问题已对岩溶地区的水文水循环过程造成了严重影响,水资源问题已成为岩溶地区发展的重要限制因素。本文在对岩溶生态系统及水文环境特性分析的基础上,从土地利用变化的水文效应,人类活动对降水—径流的影响、岩溶水资源的开发利用、岩溶地下水污染及水文模型在岩溶地区的应用等方面,概述了岩溶地区人类活动水文效应的相关研究现状与不足,总结了未来岩溶地区人类活动水文效应的5个研究趋势,并探讨了研究中的重点及难点问题。
In the context of global climate change, coupled with the vulnerability and sensitivity of karst ecosystems, surface water and groundwater are rapidly exchanged. Karst hydrodynamic systems are sensitive to human activities and ecological environment changes. Environmental problems such as vegetation degradation and rock desertification caused by human activities in the karst area have had a serious impact on the hydrological cycle in karst areas. Water resources have become an important limiting factor in the development of karst areas. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of karst ecosystems and hydrological environment, this paper analyzes the effects of land use change on hydrological effects, the impact of human activities on precipitation and runoff, the development and utilization of karst water resources, karst groundwater pollution and hydrological models in karst areas In this paper, five research trends of hydrological effects of human activities in the karst area are summarized, and some important and difficult problems in the research are discussed.