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中国在传统上是一个陆地大国,但同时也是一个海洋大国。大陆海岸线1.8万千米,,海洋国土面积约300万平方千米。早在15世纪初,伟大的航海家郑和就认识到了海防对于国家安全的重要性,认为国家富强离不开海洋,一旦他国夺得南洋,华夏必危矣。史料载,有海防是从明代开始的,明以前,中国虽通过海洋与世界诸多国家之间海外贸易与经济文化交流不断,但由于没有强大的海上敌患,国家对海防的经营并不注重,故不存在真正意义上的海防。直到明代,海防才真正成为国家防务体系中的重要组成部分,并形成一套较为成熟的海防体系。
China is traditionally a terrestrial power, but it is also a large maritime power. Mainland coastline of 18,000 km, marine land area of about 3 million square kilometers. As early as the early 15th century, great navigator Zheng He realized the importance of Haiphong to national security. He believed that the prosperity of the country can not be separated from the sea and Huaxia will be in danger once his country wins the Southeast Asia. According to the historical data, there is a history of coastal defense that started from the Ming Dynasty. Before the Ming dynasty, although China continued to exchange overseas trade and economic and cultural exchanges among many countries in the world and the world, due to the absence of a strong maritime hostility, the state did not pay any attention to the operation of the coastal area. Therefore, there is no real sense of Hai Phong. It was not until the Ming Dynasty that Haiphong truly became an important component of the national defense system and formed a relatively mature system of coastal defense.