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目的:研究水通道蛋白1(AQP1)在足月正常妊娠及羊水量异常的妊娠妇女胎盘及胎膜中的定位及表达,探讨AQP1表达与羊水量异常的相关性及其与羊水调节的关系。方法:应用免疫组化SP法和实时荧光定量PCR技术分别检测AQP1蛋白与mRNA在羊水量过少(羊水过少组)、羊水量正常(正常对照组)及特发性羊水过多(羊水过多组)足月孕妇胎盘、羊膜及绒毛膜组织中的表达,每组20例。结果:AQP1蛋白在胎盘血管内皮细胞、羊膜上皮细胞及绒毛膜滋养细胞中均有表达。与正常对照组相比,羊水过少组羊膜组织中AQP1 mRNA的表达明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);正常对照组与羊水过少组胎盘组织和绒毛膜组织中AQP1 mRNA的表达差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与正常对照组相比,羊水过多组羊膜组织中AQP1 mRNA的表达明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);正常对照组与羊水过多组胎盘组织和绒毛膜组织中AQP1 mRNA的表达差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:当发生羊水量异常时,AQP1主要通过影响羊水的膜内吸收来维持羊水稳态平衡。胎盘、绒毛膜中的AQP1可能主要参与正常妊娠期间的羊水循环,对异常羊水量的调节作用较小。
Objective: To investigate the localization and expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) in the placenta and fetal membranes of pregnant women with term normal pregnancy and amniotic fluid abnormalities, and to explore the correlation between AQP1 expression and amniotic fluid abnormality and its relationship with amniotic fluid regulation. Methods: Immunohistochemical SP method and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of AQP1 in oligohydramnios, oligohydramnios, normal amniotic fluid (normal control group) and idiopathic amniotic fluid Multi-group) full-term pregnancy placenta, amniotic membrane and chorionic tissue expression, 20 cases in each group. Results: AQP1 protein was expressed in placental vascular endothelial cells, amniotic epithelial cells and chorionic trophoblasts. Compared with the normal control group, the expression of AQP1 mRNA in amniotic tissue of oligohydramnios group was significantly decreased (P <0.05), and the levels of AQP1 mRNA in placenta and chorionic tissue of normal oligohydramnios group There was no significant difference in expression between the two groups (P> 0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the expression of AQP1 mRNA in amniotic tissue of amniotic fluid excess group was significantly increased (P <0.05), while the expression of AQP1 mRNA in placenta and chorionic tissue of normal control group and polyhydramnios There was no significant difference in expression between the two groups (P> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: AQP1 maintains the amniotic fluid homeostasis balance by affecting the absorption of amniotic fluid mainly in the presence of abnormal amniotic fluid volume. AQP1 in placenta and chorion may be mainly involved in the amniotic fluid circulation during normal pregnancy, which has less effect on the abnormal amniotic fluid volume.