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随着农村非点源污染问题的日益突出,将总量控制体系纳入到非点源污染的防治中已具有重要的作用和意义。许多研究都对减少农村非点源污染提出了一些政策性建议和工程性措施,但对于农村非点源污染物排放量的具体调控研究较少,没有按照“公平、效率、可行”的原则进行污染物总量的分配。基于对南太湖地区农村小流域典型污染物输出特征的研究,本文利用排污系数法对农村非点源污染物排放量进行了快速估算,采用最大纳污量优化程序计算了农村小流域内水体纳污量与环境容量,并提出相应的污染物削减对策。研究结果表明:南太湖地区农村小流域污染物输出主要超标因子为总磷,农村生活污染为主要污染源。流域污染物输出浓度受季节变化影响较大,提高水体自净能力能够有效缓解夏季污染物对水质的影响。此外,依据BAT体系建立的最大排污量优化计算方法可以快速有效的制定出农村小流域非点源污染控制方案。
With the increasingly prominent problem of non-point source pollution in rural areas, it has played an important role and significance to include the total amount control system in the prevention and control of non-point source pollution. Many studies have put forward some policy suggestions and engineering measures to reduce non-point source pollution in rural areas. However, there are few researches on the regulation and control of non-point source pollutant emissions in rural areas and are not based on the principle of “fairness, efficiency and practicability” Principles for the allocation of total pollutants. Based on the study of the characteristics of typical pollutants in the rural small watershed in the South Tai Lake region, this paper uses the pollutant discharge coefficient method to estimate the emission of non-point source pollutants in rural areas. The maximum pollutant discharge Volume and environmental capacity, and put forward corresponding measures to reduce pollutants. The results show that the main over-standard factor of pollutant output in rural small watershed in South Taihu Lake region is total phosphorus, and rural life pollution is the main pollution source. The output concentration of pollutants in the watershed is greatly affected by the seasonal changes. Improving self-purification capacity of water bodies can effectively mitigate the impact of summer pollutants on water quality. In addition, based on BAT system to establish the maximum amount of sewage optimization calculation method can quickly and effectively develop a small watershed non-point source pollution control programs.