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在美国文学的批评史上,埃德加·爱伦·坡是第一位以科学的态度来研究文学、在现象后面发现规律的人。19世纪的美国文学批评有一个倾向,即在建立美国化文学的口号下对美国本土的作品不加区分予以肯定。为了反对这种狭隘的民族主义的倾向,坡提出应该看重文学本身的价值,并力图建立起理性的文学批判机制,从技术性的角度来指导和评价文学,甚至对文学进行量化。坡的文学批评和理论都体现了他在感性和理性、客观和主观之间的矛盾和平衡。他力图以有形和理性的法则来把握无形和感性的文学现象,从逻辑的角度来讨论想象力。虽然他展现了深刻的矛盾,甚至时有违背他自己的批评法则,他使文学批评朝着理性的目标移动以发现文学规律的努力是值得肯定的。
In the critical history of American literature, Edgar Allan Poe was the first to study literature with a scientific attitude and discover the law behind the phenomenon. The 19th-century American literary criticism tended to affirm the indiscriminate distinction of the Native American work under the slogan of establishing Americanized literature. In order to oppose this narrow tendency of nationalism, she proposed that the value of literature should be valued, and a rational literary criticism mechanism should be established to guide and evaluate literature from the technical point of view and even to quantify literature. Poe’s literary criticism and theory embody his contradiction and balance between perceptual and rational, objective and subjective. He sought to grasp the intangible and perceptual literary phenomena with tangible and rational laws and to discuss the imagination from a logical perspective. Although he demonstrated profound contradictions and even violated his own rules of criticism, his efforts to shift literary criticism toward a rational goal to discover the laws of literature were worthy of recognition.