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利用恢复系 R_(113)同10种不同细胞质的异质小麦雄性不育系 Selkirk(或 chris)进行了杂交,以鉴定 R_(113)对这些雄性不育系的恢复力。其中有7种细胞质的雄性不育性在不同程度上为 R_(113)所恢复,证明了 R_(113)恢复性的广泛性。特别值得注意的是 R_(113)对Ae.ovata细胞质不育的恢复度极高(118.6%—根据穗粒数除以两侧小花数计算)。其恢复性可能由两对恢复基因控制。根据杂交种与其亲本之间以及同质 Selkirk 与异质 Sel-kirk 品种之间的比较,大多数所测性状(如株高、抗倒伏、每穗小穗数,每穗粒数每穗粒重等)在 Ae.ovata 细胞质背景下都有明显的优势。试验证明,在小麦中确实存在着两种杂种优势:即核间杂种优势和核质间杂种优势。Ae.ovata 细胞质的缺点是较晚熟,然而,延长春化时间可以提早抽穗;同时在其同早熟亲本杂交的后代中,可以选出早熟植株。本试验的意义在于:①证实了核质杂种优势的存在;②Ae.ovata 细胞质具有明显的核质杂种优势;③发现了恢复系 R_(113)可以完全恢复 Ae.ovata 细胞质的雄性不育性,④Ae.ovata 细胞质的晚熟性可以改良。因此,在小麦常规育种中或在杂种优势利用上,可以应用 Ae.ovata 细胞质研究把上述两种杂种优势结合起来,选育优良小麦核质杂种品种或杂种小麦的可能性。特别是在冬麦区,自然春化就可部分克服 Ae.ovata 细胞质的晚熟缺点。
The restorer line R_ (113) was crossed with 10 different male sterile wheat lines, Selkirk (or chris), with different cytoplasms to identify the resilience of R_ (113) to these male sterile lines. Among them, seven kinds of cytoplasmic male sterility restored to varying degrees with R 113, which proved the extensiveness of R 113 recovery. It is particularly noteworthy that R_ (113) has a very high degree of restoration of the cytoplasmic male sterility of Ae.ovata (118.6% - calculated from the number of grains per spike divided by the number of florets on both sides). Its recovery may be controlled by two pairs of recovery genes. Most of the measured traits (such as plant height, lodging resistance, number of spikelets per panicle, number of grains per panicle, grain weight per panicle Etc.) have clear advantages in Ae.ovata cytoplasm. Experiments show that there are indeed two kinds of heterosis in wheat: heterosis between nuclear and nuclear heterosis. The shortcomings of Ae.ovata cytoplasm are late-maturing, however, prolonging the vernalization time can lead to early heading; at the same time, the progeny plants can be selected among the progeny of Ae.ovata cybrids. The significance of this experiment lies in: ① confirming the existence of heterosis of nuclear cytoplasm; ②Ae.ovata cytoplasm has obvious heterosis of nucleoplasm; ③ It was found that the restorer line R_ (113) could completely restore the male sterility of Ae.ovata cytoplasm, ④ Age.ovata cytoplasm can be improved late maturity. Therefore, the Ae.ovata cytoplasm can be used to study the possibility of combining the above two heterosis and breeding elite wheat nuclear hybrids or hybrid wheat in conventional wheat breeding or in heterosis utilization. Especially in the winter wheat area, natural vernalization can partially overcome the late maturing shortcomings of the Ae.ovata cytoplasm.