“南山老林”指的是生长在秦岭腹地,曾为清代整个秦巴山区分布最广、保存最完好的原生态自然林。在清中叶以来的人口大迁徙过程中,大量流民溢入秦岭南麓林区垦荒种山,尤其是在白莲教起义之后,清廷视南山老林为反叛势力匿迹藏身之渊薮,故对这一地区兵力难及之处的林木大加砍伐,同时招纳散处流民开垦居住。加之清中叶以来社会经济发展对木材的大量需求,更加促使民众深入秦岭腹地,使以往鲜有人迹的林区因为人的生存需要而被更大幅度地开发,由此衍生出了南山综合治理过程中的社会与环境问题。 “Old Mountain Nanshan ” refers to the growth in the Qinling hinterland, once the Qing Dynasty Qinling Mountains most widely distributed, best preserved original ecological forest. During the process of population migration in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, a large number of migrants overflowed into the reclamation and reclamation of forests in the southern foot of the Qinling Mountains. Especially after the White Lotus Intifada, as the imperial forest in the Nanshan Mountains served as a hiding place for rebel forces, The trees where the troops are hard to come by are felled greatly, and at the same time, scattered settlers and villagers reclaim their homes for living. In addition, since the mid-Qing Dynasty, the huge demand for timber for social and economic development has further pushed people into the hinterland of Qinling and made the forest area, which was rarely visited in the past, be further developed due to the needs of human beings. As a result, the comprehensive management of Nanshan In the social and environmental issues.