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目的观察水痘疫苗初免后免疫持久性及加强免疫后免疫效果,为水痘疫情的控制提供参考依据。方法对初免1～6年后的儿童300名进行抗体水平测定,并进行不同接种年限的比较;随机抽取约一半对象进行加强免疫,一年后与未进行加强免疫的对象进行抗体水平比较。阳性率比较用χ2检验,平均浓度比较用t检验或方差分析。α定为0.05。结果初免后抗体阳性率为70%;随接种年限的延长,抗体水平逐渐降低(F=4.529,P=0.012);加免后阳性率明显增高,与初免之间的差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.784,P=0.016;χ2=7.760,P=0.005;χ2=10.859,P=0.001)。结论水痘疫苗初免后儿童获得一定的免疫保护;疫苗保护效果随接种年限的延长逐渐减弱;二次免疫在一定程度上可能减少或防止突破性病例发生。
Objective To observe the immune persistence of varicella vaccine after initial immunization and to enhance the immune effect after immunization so as to provide a reference for the control of the epidemic of varicella. Methods The antibody level of 300 children from 1 to 6 years after initial immunization was measured and compared for different inoculation years. About half of the subjects were randomly selected for boosting, and one year later, antibody levels were compared with those who did not. The positive rate was compared with χ2 test, the mean concentration was compared by t test or analysis of variance. α is set at 0.05. Results The positive rate of antibody after initial immunization was 70%. With the prolongation of inoculation age, the antibody level decreased (F = 4.529, P = 0.012), the positive rate increased significantly after immunization, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 5.784, P = 0.016; χ2 = 7.760, P = 0.005; χ2 = 10.859, P = 0.001). Conclusions Children immunized with varicella vaccine can obtain certain immunity protection after vaccination. Vaccination protection effect gradually decreases with the prolongation of vaccination years. Secondary immunization may reduce or prevent breakthrough cases to a certain extent.