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长期慢性砷暴露会引发多系统、多器官损伤,如皮肤癌、膀胱癌、高血压、糖尿病等,其所造成的危害,目前已在全世界范围内成为一个严重的公共卫生问题。有研究显示,砷的甲基化代谢能力与砷中毒的发生及其病情的严重程度密切相关。除了性别、年龄、砷暴露水平等个体因素以外,环境和遗传因素对机体内砷的甲基化代谢及砷中毒发病风险均具有显著影响。因此,了解影响砷甲基化代谢的遗传因素和环境因素,有助于发现降低砷中毒发病风险防治关键点。本文在此就影响砷甲基化代谢及砷中毒发病风险的相关因素进行综述。
Long-term chronic arsenic exposure can cause multiple system and multiple organ damage, such as skin cancer, bladder cancer, high blood pressure, diabetes, etc. The harm caused by it has now become a serious public health problem all over the world. Studies have shown that arsenic methylation metabolism and the occurrence of arsenic poisoning and the severity of the disease are closely related. In addition to individual factors such as gender, age and arsenic exposure, environmental and genetic factors have a significant effect on the arsenic methylation metabolism and the risk of arsenic poisoning in the body. Therefore, to understand the genetic factors and environmental factors that affect arsenic methylation metabolism may help to find the key points to reduce the risk of arsenic poisoning. This article reviews the factors that affect arsenic methylation metabolism and the risk of arsenic poisoning.