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目的探索一种高效、快速检测呼吸道病毒抗原的方法,为儿童呼吸道病毒感染诊断提供帮助,指导合理用药,并了解东莞地区呼吸道病毒流行情况。方法采用直接免疫荧光法,利用抗病毒特异性单克隆抗体快速检测1 256例儿童呼吸道分泌物中的呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、腺病毒(ADV)、流感病毒A型(FA)、流感病毒B型(FB)、副流感病毒1型(PIV1)、副流感病毒2型(PIV2)、副流感病毒3型(PIV3)等7种呼吸道常见病毒,并进行统计学分析。结果在1 256例呼吸道感染患儿中,病毒感染426例,检出率为33.92%,其中6例为2种病毒混合感染。以RSV检出最多,共217例,占阳性病例的50.23%;ADV 12例,占阳性病例的2.78%;FA 105例,占阳性病例的24.31%;FB 79例,占阳性病例的18.29%;PIV1 6例,占阳性病例的1.62%;PIV2 1例,占阳性病例的0.23%;PIV3 7例,占阳性病例的2.08%。随着患儿年龄增长,呼吸道病毒感染率逐渐下降,1岁内患儿病毒感染率达46.98%,1岁以上患儿病毒感染率为24.93%,二者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。儿童呼吸道病毒感染以冬、春两季为高发季,冬季检出率为36.10%、春季检出率为45.02%、夏季检出率为21.36%、秋季检出率为12.79%,春、冬季与夏、秋季比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同上呼吸道感染病毒检出率不同,以肺炎、毛细支气管炎、喘息性肺炎病毒检出率最高,其中喘息性肺炎比例最高。结论通过直接免疫荧光法可快速、高效地检测多种呼吸道病毒抗原,为临床提供准确、有效的诊断依据;根据流行病学的资料,对防止抗生素滥用有重要意义。
Objective To explore an efficient and rapid detection of respiratory virus antigens in children with respiratory virus infection diagnosis to provide help to guide the rational use of drugs and understand the prevalence of respiratory viruses in Dongguan. Methods Direct immunofluorescence assay was used to detect respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), influenza A (FA), influenza virus Seven common respiratory viruses such as FB, PIV1, PIV2 and PIV3 were collected and analyzed statistically. Results Among 1 256 children with respiratory tract infection, 426 cases were infected with the virus, the detection rate was 33.92%, of which 6 cases were mixed with two kinds of viruses. Among them, 217 were positive for RSV, accounting for 50.23% of the positive cases; ADV 12 cases, accounting for 2.78% of the positive cases; FA 105 cases, accounting for 24.31% of the positive cases; FB 79 cases, accounting for 18.29% of the positive cases; PIV1 6 cases, accounting for 1.62% of positive cases; PIV2 1 cases, accounting for 0.23% of positive cases; PIV3 7 cases, accounting for 2.08% of positive cases. With the increase of children’s age, the infection rate of respiratory virus gradually decreased. The prevalence of virus infection was 46.98% in 1 year old children and 24.93% in children over 1 years old, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01) ). Childhood respiratory virus infection in winter and spring are the high season, the detection rate in winter is 36.10%, the detection rate in spring is 45.02%, summer detection rate is 21.36%, autumn detection rate is 12.79%, spring and winter and The difference between summer and autumn was statistically significant (P <0.01). Different upper respiratory tract infection virus detection rate is different from pneumonia, bronchiolitis, wheezing pneumonia virus detection rate is highest, of which the highest proportion of asthmatic pneumonia. Conclusion Direct immunofluorescence assay can detect multiple respiratory virus antigens rapidly and efficiently, providing accurate and effective diagnosis for clinical diagnosis. According to epidemiological data, it is important to prevent the abuse of antibiotics.