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目的探讨长沙市尘肺病死亡病例的分布以及死亡原因等流行病学特点,为尘肺病防治提供对策。方法采用回顾性调查方法,对1956-2010年尘肺报告死亡病例,按不同年代、不同死亡年龄、死亡原因等,进行统计分析。结果长沙市累计报告尘肺死亡病例690例,病死率为18.70%;病死率居前3位的尘肺是:矽肺、陶工尘肺、煤工尘肺;引起尘肺病例死亡的前5位原因:肺结核、慢性呼吸衰竭、肺心病、肺部肿瘤、心脑血管疾病。最小死亡年龄24.12岁,最大死亡年龄85.16岁,平均死亡年龄59.86岁。结论预防尘肺病并发症,系统治疗肺结核病、控制肺部感染和慢性呼吸系统疾病,是延长尘肺患者寿命,提高生活质量的主要措施。
Objective To investigate the distribution of deaths from pneumoconiosis and the epidemiological characteristics of death in Changsha so as to provide countermeasures for the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted to analyze the reported cases of pneumoconiosis in 1956-2010 according to different age, different age of death and causes of death. Results A total of 690 cases of pneumoconiosis were reported in Changsha, with a mortality rate of 18.70%. The top three cases of pneumoconiosis were silicosis, potter’s pneumoconiosis and coal worker’s pneumoconiosis. The top 5 causes of pneumoconiosis were pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic respiration Failure, pulmonary heart disease, lung cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The minimum death age was 24.12 years old, the maximum death age was 85.16 years, the average age of death was 59.86 years. Conclusions Preventing pneumoconiosis complications, systemic treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, controlling pulmonary infection and chronic respiratory diseases are the main measures to prolong the life of pneumoconiosis patients and improve the quality of life.