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气候变暖已成为全球关注的热点话题,农业温室气体是气候暖化的重要排放源。目前许多学者研究了不同施肥措施下温室气体排放的特征,但实验结果之间存在一定的差异。为了综合评价区域内不同施肥措施(单施无机氮(N)、无机氮磷钾(NPK)和有机无机配施(OF))下土壤温室气体排放的特征及其净减排潜力,本文基于长江中下游地区40篇关于施肥对稻田温室气体CH_4和N_2O排放的文献,筛选出339组样本数据,采用Meta分析方法从施肥类型、施肥时间和施肥水平三个方面定量研究了3种施肥措施对稻田CH_4和N_2O排放的影响,并在前期研究的基础上,估算了各个施肥处理下的综合增温潜势、净增温潜势以及温室气体排放强度。结果表明:N、NPK和OF处理下CH_4周年排放的效应值分别为0.24、0.27和0.63,N_2O周年排放的效应值分别为1.25、1.26和1.41。随着施肥次数的增加,N、NPK和OF处理下温室气体排放的效应值均逐渐增大;随着施肥量的增加,N处理表现为增加的趋势,NPK处理表现为减少的趋势,OF处理表现为先增后减的趋势。对于3种施肥处理下的净增温潜势大小为OF>NPK>N,其中CH_4排放对温室气体的贡献最大;3种施肥处理下的温室气体排放强度大小为OF>NPK>N。从粮食增产和温室气体减排两方面综合考虑,施用氮磷钾(NPK)是长江中下游地区稻田较适宜的施肥方式。
Climate warming has become a hot topic of global concern. Agricultural greenhouse gases are an important source of global warming. At present, many scholars have studied the characteristics of greenhouse gas emissions under different fertilization measures, but there are some differences between the experimental results. In order to comprehensively evaluate the characteristics of greenhouse gas emission and its net emission reduction potential under different fertilization measures (inorganic N, inorganic NPK and OF) in the region, Middle and lower reaches of the 40 areas on the fertilization of rice straw greenhouse gases CH_4 and N_2O emissions, screening 339 sets of sample data, the use of Meta analysis methods from the three aspects of fertilization, fertilization and fertilization levels of three quantitative measures of rice fertilization CH_4 and N_2O emissions. Based on the previous studies, the comprehensive warming potential, net warming potential and GHG emission intensity under each fertilization were estimated. The results showed that the effect values of annual discharge of CH_4 under N, NPK and OF treatments were 0.24, 0.27 and 0.63, respectively, and the annual emission effects of N_2O were 1.25, 1.26 and 1.41, respectively. With the increase of fertilization times, the effect values of greenhouse gas emissions increased gradually with N, NPK and OF treatment. With the increase of fertilizer application, N treatment showed an increasing trend, NPK treatment showed a decreasing trend, OF treatment The performance of the first increase and then decrease the trend. The net warming potential under the three fertilization treatments was OF> NPK> N, of which CH_4 contributed the most to greenhouse gases. The intensity of GHG emission under the three treatments was OF> NPK> N. Considering both grain yield and greenhouse gas emission reduction, application of NPK is the more suitable fertilization mode in the paddy fields in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.