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牧区是以绿色草原为主体生态景观、草原畜牧业为基础产业的特殊经济区域。目前,我国牧区主要包括13个省(区)的268个牧区半牧区县(旗、市),主要集中分布于中西部经济地带和边疆少数民族地区。由于自然、地理、历史等原因,牧区仍然是全国经济发展的滞后区、民生改善的薄弱区、生态环境的脆弱区。特别是欠合理的开发利用矿产资源,已对牧区造成一定程度的资源破坏与环境污染。文章以内蒙古为例,主要对牧区矿产资源开发引起的生态经济问题进行分析,同时尝试提出解决现存问题、推进牧区生态经济协调持续发展的对策建议。
Pastoral area is a special economic area with green grassland as the main ecological landscape and grassland husbandry as the basic industry. At present, the pasturing areas in our country mainly include 268 pastoral areas (banners and cities) of 268 pastoral areas in 13 provinces (districts), which are mainly concentrated in the economic zones in the central and western regions and the ethnic minority areas in the border areas. Due to natural, geographical and historical reasons, pastoral areas are still lagging regions in the national economic development, weak areas for people’s livelihood improvement, and vulnerable areas for ecological environment. In particular, the lack of rational exploitation and utilization of mineral resources has caused some degree of resource destruction and environmental pollution in pastoral areas. Taking Inner Mongolia as an example, the article mainly analyzes the ecological and economic problems caused by the development of mineral resources in pastoral areas. At the same time, it tries to put forward the countermeasures and suggestions on solving the existing problems and promoting the coordinated and sustainable development of ecological economy in pastoral areas.