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表观遗传(epigenetics)指在基因组DNA序列不发生改变的情况下,基因表达发生可遗传改变,该现象普遍存在于动植物中,包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、基因组印迹、随机染色体失活及非编码RNA(ncRNA)的调节作用等。ENCODE计划及随后的研究发现,人类基因组中仅有很小一部分DNA序列负责编码蛋白质,而其余大部分被转录为非编码RNA。其中长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是一类长度大于200nt并且缺乏蛋白质编码能力的RNA分子。越来越多的研究表明,lncRNA能够通过表观遗传调控、转录调控以及转录后调控等多个层面调节基因的表达,从而参与细胞增殖、分化和凋亡等多种生物学过程。本文结合国内外最新报道,对参与DNA甲基化的lncRNA在消化道肿瘤中的研究进展作一综述。
Epigenetics refers to genetically altered gene expression that occurs without alteration of the genomic DNA sequence. This phenomenon is prevalent in plants and animals including DNA methylation, histone modification, genomic imprinting, and random chromosome loss Regulation of live and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and the like. The ENCODE program and subsequent studies have found that only a small percentage of the DNA sequence in the human genome is responsible for encoding the protein, while most of the remaining is transcribed as non-coding RNA. Among them, long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of RNA molecules longer than 200 nt in length and lacking the ability to encode proteins. More and more researches show that lncRNA can regulate many genes such as epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation and post-transcriptional regulation, and participate in many biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In this paper, the latest reports at home and abroad, involved in DNA methylation of lncRNA in the digestive tract tumors are reviewed.