“实质性辨认能力”是近年我国司法精神鉴定中频繁使用的专业名词,但较少有人对这一概念进行深入学术探讨。本文通过对实质性辨认能力在刑法学上的归属、精神病理学特点等,分析论证实质性辨认能力与刑法学中辨认能力的主要区别,并分析鉴定中混淆二者可能带来的不良后果,以引起司法精神病学和法学工作者的关注。 “Substantial ability to identify ” is a professional noun frequently used in the judicial spirit appraisal in recent years, but few people on the concept of in-depth academic discussion. This article analyzes the main differences between the ability of substantive identification and that of criminal jurisprudence through the identification of substantive identification ability in criminal jurisprudence, the characteristics of psychopathology and so on, and analyzes the possible consequences of confusing the two in identification Caused the attention of judicial psychiatrists and lawyers.