明代是我国封建经济发展的重要时期。文章通过对《徐霞客游记》中的生态环境史料研究,分析了这一时期经济开发对我国生态环境变动的影响。着重分析了农业的大力开发带来的环境影响,手工业的空前发展引发的副效应,商业的空前繁荣所付出的生态代价。 Ming Dynasty is an important period for the development of feudal economy in our country. Through the study of the historical data of ecological environment in Xu Xiake Travels, the article analyzes the impact of economic development on the changes of ecological environment in China during this period. It focuses on analyzing the environmental impact brought by the vigorous development of agriculture, the side effect caused by the unprecedented development of the handicraft industry and the ecological cost paid by the unprecedented prosperity of commerce.