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目的:探讨新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病的临床特点和治疗效果。方法:选择我院2008年2月—2010年2月缺血缺氧性脑病新生儿30例,分析其发病原因(产前、产时和产后因素)、窒息程度、临床症状和体征。本组患儿给予吸氧、促进脑细胞代谢药物及对脑细胞有激活作用药物,并纠正患儿水电解质紊乱,维持酸碱平衡。此外,还应给予适量抗生素抗感染,以预防感染。对颅内压高的患儿,给予小剂量甘露醇、呋塞米降低患儿颅内压;惊厥者给予鲁米那以控制患儿症状;有颅内出血的给予止血敏、维生素K1等;同时行其他对症治疗。结果:22例患儿治愈后出院;8例患儿好转。其中住院小于7天患儿4例,住院7~10天15例,10~14日天患儿10例,大于14天患儿1例。结论:新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病的根本原因是围产期出现窒息缺氧。做好围产期保健、早期预防,并给予及时正确的复苏方法,能有效降低其发生率、病死率和致残率。
Objective: To investigate the clinical features and therapeutic effects of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Methods: Thirty neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy were selected from February 2008 to February 2010 in our hospital. The causes of the disease (prenatal, postnatal and postnatal factors), degree of asphyxia, clinical symptoms and signs were analyzed. This group of children given oxygen, promote brain cell metabolism drugs and drugs that activate brain cells, and to correct children’s water and electrolyte disorders, to maintain acid-base balance. In addition, antibiotics should also be given appropriate anti-infection, to prevent infection. For children with high intracranial pressure, given a small dose of mannitol, furosemide to reduce intracranial pressure in children; convulsions were given to control the symptoms of children with Rumi; intracranial hemorrhage given to stop bleeding sensitivity, vitamin K1; at the same time Line other symptomatic treatment. RESULTS: Twenty-two children were cured and discharged. Eight patients improved. Among them, 4 cases were hospitalized less than 7 days, 15 cases were hospitalized 7 to 10 days, 10 cases were found on days 10-14, and 1 case was more than 14 days. Conclusion: The basic reason of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is perinatal asphyxia and hypoxia. Good perinatal health care, early prevention, and give timely and correct recovery methods, can effectively reduce the incidence, mortality and morbidity.