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2001~2002年,在群体水培条件下,以不同年代育成的籼稻代表品种国内88个和国外122个为材料,成熟期测定植株的干物重(包括根系)、全氮含量及产量,分析籼稻品种间成熟期氮素累积量、氮素干物质生产效率和氮素籽粒生产效率的差异及其对产量的影响。结果表明:成熟期氮素累积量、氮素籽粒生产效率和氮素干物质生产效率,品种间差异很大,均达到极显著水平,其中,氮素累积量的差异明显大于氮素籽粒生产效率,氮素籽粒生产效率的差异又明显大于氮素干物质生产效率。相关分析表明,成熟期氮素累积量、氮素籽粒生产效率与籼稻品种的产量水平关系密切,氮素干物质生产效率与籼稻品种的产量水平关系不密切。逐步多元回归分析表明,成熟期氮素累积量和氮素籽粒生产效率对籼稻品种的产量水平均有显著影响(R2=0.957~0.974),提高成熟期氮素累积量和氮素籽粒生产效率均可提高籼稻品种的产量水平。通径分析显示,籼稻成熟期氮素累积量对产量的直接影响比氮素籽粒生产效率大40%~70%。作者认为,籼稻品种的选育应在保持较高氮素累积量的基础上,重点改良提高氮素籽粒生产效率,有利于实现籼稻品种高产与高效的有机统一。
From 2001 to 2002, under the condition of population hydroponics, 88 domestic and 122 foreign representative indica rice varieties were bred in different ages. The dry weight (including root system), total nitrogen content and yield of the plant were measured at the maturity stage. Differences of nitrogen accumulation, N production efficiency of dry matter and NUE production efficiency and their effects on yield during the maturity of cultivars. The results showed that: the nitrogen accumulation, the production efficiency of nitrogen seed and the production efficiency of nitrogen dry matter in maturity were very different among varieties, reaching extremely significant levels, of which, the difference of nitrogen accumulation was obviously greater than that of nitrogen seed production , The difference of production efficiency of nitrogen grain is obviously greater than the production efficiency of nitrogen dry matter. Correlation analysis showed that nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen production efficiency were closely related to the yield of indica rice at maturity, and the relationship between nitrogen production efficiency and indica rice yield was not close. The stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that both the nitrogen accumulation at maturity and the efficiency of nitrogen seed production had a significant effect on the yield of indica rice (R2 = 0.957-0.974), and both the accumulation of nitrogen and the efficiency of nitrogen seed production Can increase the yield of indica varieties. Path analysis showed that the direct effect of nitrogen accumulation on yield was 40% -70% larger than that of nitrogen seed at the mature stage of indica rice. The author believes that breeding indica rice varieties should maintain higher nitrogen accumulation, based on the focus on improving the efficiency of nitrogen production to improve grain yield, is conducive to achieving high yield and high yield of indica hybrid organic unity.