众多刑事冤案背后都反映出法律人的思维运作存在一种典型的被锚定、被固化的认知定势,这种锚定效应首先极易受到初始信息的影响,一旦发生就会随着司法程序的不断推进,产生累积性迁移,加剧冤案的产生。借助认知心理学的相关理论知识和研究方法观察这种刑事冤案中的认知定势,它遵循促发、调整两大运行机制,对相似内容的选择性活化,解释了锚点的作用。进而以“锚点”为起点进行调整,最终得到一个较为相似的结果。其中,司法人员的经验心理、办案心态、业务水平能力是关键性的内在推动因素,而限期破案的时间压力和外在锚点信息的不可靠性等因素又合力加剧了锚定偏差。因此,应当着重从加强司法人员对锚定效应认知与提高司法人员对案件处理准确率的动机追求强度水平两大方面控制锚定偏差。 Behind many criminal cases of injustice are reflected the existence of a typical anchored and cured cognitive posture of the legal person. This anchoring effect is highly susceptible to initial information at first. When it occurs, The continuous advancement of procedures has resulted in cumulative migration and aggravating the emergence of injustice. With the help of the relevant theoretical knowledge and research methods of cognitive psychology, this paper observes the cognitive tendency in this criminal injustice. It follows the two operating mechanisms of promoting and adjusting and selectively activates similar content, explaining the role of anchors. And then to “anchor ” as a starting point to adjust, and ultimately get a more similar result. Among them, the judicial personnel experience psychology, handling the mentality of the case, the level of professional competence is the key intrinsic driving factors, and the timing pressure of the cracked period and the external anchor information unreliability and other factors together to aggravate the anchoring bias. Therefore, we should focus on controlling the anchoring deviation from two aspects: strengthening judicial personnel’s cognition of anchoring effect and enhancing the motivation of judicial personnel to handle the accuracy of case handling.