计算机基础理论和计算机科学与工程有着紧密的联系,后者给前者提供新鲜的课题,前者又为后者长远的发展开辟广阔的途径。没有理论的指导,实践便是盲目的,而有的权威性理论可以起到几十年甚至更长时间的指导作用。例如,世界第一台计算机的设计人冯·诺伊曼就有理论方面很深的造诣,后面还要介绍他所提出的很多重要而且新鲜的理论。另外一个计算机的开拓者英国数理逻辑学家图灵为了研究数学上的可计算性(能行性)而提出了抽象的图灵机,取得了很好的理论成果。1945年他为NPL(英国国家物理研究所)作ACE计算机的总体设计,(这台机器与冯·伊曼的计算机同年,是世界上最早的一批电子计算机)。 Computer basic theory and computer science and engineering are closely linked, the latter to the former to provide fresh topics, the former for the latter long-term development and open up broad avenues. Without theoretical guidance, practice is blind, and some authoritative theories can play a guiding role for decades or even longer. For example, von Neumann, the world’s first computer designer, has deep theoretical attainments, followed by many important and fresh theories that he has put forward. Another computer pioneer, the British mathematical logicist Turing, proposed abstract Turing machines for studying mathematical computability (feasibility) and achieved good theoretical results. In 1945 he designed the overall design of an ACE computer for the NPL (the National Institute of Physics of the United Kingdom), which was one of the earliest computers in the world in the same year as von Neumann’s computer.