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明初,朱元璋一手建立了老人理讼制度,该制度是明代乃至整个中国古代一项非常具有特色的基层司法制度。文章把它置于中国古代乡村治理传统及明代乡里权力结构之下,利用法经济学相关理论对政府(包括中央政府和地方政府)、两造及其乡邻、老人等各方在这一制度下的成本收益进行分析,从一个新鲜的视角探究该制度建立和崩溃的原因,以期加深人们对明代老人理讼制度的认识,同时也进一步丰富人们研究中国古代法律史的方法。
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the emperor established the system of the elder’s lawsuit, which was a very distinctive grass-roots judicial system in the Ming Dynasty and even in ancient China. The article puts it under the ancient Chinese village governance tradition and the power structure of the Ming Dynasty countryside. Based on the theory of law and economics, this article uses the government (including the central government and the local government), the two establishments and their neighbors, the elderly and other parties in this system Analyzes the reasons for the establishment and collapse of the system from a fresh perspective in order to deepen people’s understanding of the legal system of the elders in the Ming Dynasty and at the same time further enrich people’s methods of studying the history of ancient Chinese law.