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本论文的目的是,介绍日本有关中国农村社会研究及最近几年(1996年至今)在日本发表的有关中国现代历史(从抗日战争到文化大革命)研究的情况和成果。结论如下:部分日本历史学者认为传统中国农村缺乏团体性,这种情况与建国以后实现的集体化有着巨大差别,而造成集体化的原因则在于从抗战时期到20世纪50年代初期的各种群众运动(土地改革、镇反、三反五反等)。反之,亦有学者强调1949年前后中国社会的连续性,认为中共发动的群众运动不易改变以前的社会关系。总之,从抗战时期到50年代初期中国社会有无变化,如果有变化的话,那是什么变化,这些都是仍要继续研究的问题。
The purpose of this paper is to introduce Japan’s research on rural social development in China and the recent research report on Japan’s modern history (from the Anti-Japanese War to the Cultural Revolution) published in Japan in recent years (from 1996 to the present). The conclusions are as follows: Some Japanese historians consider the lack of community in traditional rural China. This situation is quite different from the collectivization realized after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. The reason for the collectivization lies in the fact that the masses from the Anti-Japanese War to the early 1950s Movement (land reform, anti-vice, anti-tri-reaction, etc.). On the contrary, some scholars emphasize the continuity of Chinese society around 1949 and think that the mass movement launched by the CCP is not easy to change the previous social relations. In short, from the period of the Sino-Japanese War to the early 1950s, there was no change in Chinese society. If there is any change, what is the change? All these are questions that still need to be further studied.