应用多元遗传分析的方法对 2 4个春大豆的株高、主茎节数、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重、单荚粒数、十株生物产量、百粒重、生育前期 (出苗到开花的天数 )、生育后期 (开花到成熟的天数 )、全生育期和收获株数等 1 2种农艺性状进行主成分分析 ,看出影响大豆产量的主要因素是单株粒重、单株粒数、主茎节数、单荚粒数及生育前期 ,为品种 (系 )应用及分类和亲本选配提供理论依据。根据其第一、二主成分值 ,将所有品种 (系 )分为五大类 ,评述类内各品种 (系 )的主要特征 ,并针对不同生育期 ,结合大田生产进行应用分析 Using the method of multiple genetic analysis, the plant height, main stem number, pods per plant, grain number per plant, grain weight per plant, seed number per plant, biomass per plant, Principal component analysis of 12 agronomic traits such as early growth period (days from emergence to flowering), late growth (flowering to mature days), whole growth period and number of harvested plants showed that the main factor influencing soybean yield was grain weight per plant , Grain number per plant, the number of main stems, the number of single pods and the early growth period, provided the theoretical basis for the application of varieties (lines) and the classification and selection of parents. According to the first and second principal component values, all varieties (lines) are divided into five major categories, and the main characteristics of each variety (line) in the same category are reviewed. The application analysis is made according to the different growth stages and field production