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目的 通过对2000-2003年广西霍乱监测结果的分析和评价,了解监测工作的效果,为防制对策提供依据。 方法 根据新时期流行特点重新制订《广西霍乱监测方案》,将全自治区划定三类地区进行管理,拟定监测内容包括病原拉索对象(标本来源种类)和类地区相应的监测时间及任务量,按标准方法对标本进行检测,资料按规定上报、汇总和反馈,并统计分析。 结果2000-2003年全自治区监测标本病原检测总阳性率为0.67‰,其中以2000年最高为1.96‰,次为2001年(1.05‰);地区以第三类为最高,尤以2001年为明显(P<0.05);2002~2003年均未检出阳性。疑似病人、腹泻病人和重点人群粪便检索阳性率分别为9.66‰、0.34‰和0.49‰,水体、其它外环境和食品标本检索阳性率分别为0.69‰、1.90‰和0.00‰。监测系统发现的194份阳性标本均出现在疫区中,非疫区均未发现有阳性标本;各年份标本阳性率高低与流行强度相吻合;2个有疫情的年份首例病例均是通过腹泻病门诊发现的;通过监测系统发现了94.83％的病例。 结论 监测方案基本适合同期防治形势的需要,并取得较好的效果,对广西霍乱疫情控制起到重要的作用。
Objective To understand the effect of monitoring by analyzing and evaluating the result of monitoring cholera in Guangxi from 2000 to 2003, and to provide basis for prevention and control measures. Methods According to the epidemic characteristics in the new period, “Guangxi Cholera Surveillance Program” was redrawn, and three types of autonomous regions were designated for management. The monitoring contents include the length of the monitoring objects and the corresponding monitoring time and the amount of tasks of the endemic areas, According to the standard method of testing specimens, data submitted according to regulations, summary and feedback, and statistical analysis. Results The total positive rate of pathogen detection in the autonomous regions from 2000 to 2003 was 0.67 ‰, with the highest in 2000 being 1.96 ‰ and the second being 2001 (1.05 ‰); the third category was the highest in the region, especially in 2001 (P <0.05). No positive result was detected between 2002 and 2003. The positive rates of faecal retrieval in suspected patients, diarrhea patients and key population were 9.66 ‰, 0.34 ‰ and 0.49 ‰, respectively. The positive rates of retrieval in water body, other external environment and food samples were 0.69 ‰, 1.90 ‰ and 0.00 ‰ respectively. A total of 194 positive samples were found in the epidemic area. No positive samples were found in the non-infected areas. The positive rates of the specimens in each year coincided with the epidemic intensity. The first case of the two outbreaks was confirmed by diarrhea Outpatient visits were found; 94.83% of cases were detected through the surveillance system. Conclusion The monitoring program is basically suitable for the needs of prevention and control in the same period and has achieved good results, which plays an important role in the control of the cholera epidemic in Guangxi.