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目的了解煤工尘肺患者下呼吸道真菌感染特点及危险因素,为临床科学选用抗菌药物提供依据。方法通过回顾性调查方法,对某医院住院煤矿工人尘肺患者下呼吸道真菌感染情况及感染真菌分布进行了调查与分析。结果该医院在连续3年期间共发生181例由真菌引起的下呼吸道感染患者,其中有56.35%为煤工尘肺患者,其余43.65%为普通尘肺患者。引起尘肺患者下呼吸道感染的真菌中,念珠菌占47.51%,白假丝菌占35.91%,分居第1、2位。尘肺患者下呼吸道真菌感染的主要危险因素包括患者高龄,长时间住院、伴随基础疾病、激素应用和侵袭性操作等。结论煤工尘肺患者下呼吸道真菌感染率较高,有效防控措施包括缩短住院时间、提高机体免疫力、减少侵入性操作和加强病人呼吸道护理。
Objective To understand the characteristics and risk factors of lower respiratory tract fungal infection in patients with coal worker’s pneumoconiosis and provide basis for selection of antibacterial drugs in clinical science. Methods A retrospective investigation was conducted to investigate the infection of lower respiratory tract fungi and the distribution of infectious fungi in coal miners pneumoconiosis in coal miners in a hospital. Results A total of 181 patients with lower respiratory tract infection caused by fungi were found in the hospital for three consecutive years. Among them, 56.35% were coal workers with pneumoconiosis and the remaining 43.65% were patients with pneumoconiosis. Among the fungi causing lower respiratory tract infection in pneumoconiosis patients, Candida accounted for 47.51%, Candida albicans accounted for 35.91%, and the first and second place separated. The main risk factors for lower respiratory tract fungal infections in patients with pneumoconiosis include elderly patients, prolonged hospitalization, underlying diseases, hormonal use, and invasive procedures. Conclusion The lower respiratory tract fungal infection rate of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis patients is higher. Effective prevention and control measures include shortening hospital stay, improving immunity, reducing invasive operation and strengthening respiratory care of patients.