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我国是一个水资源时空分布不合理,人均水资源占有量较低的国家。同发达国家相比,我国万元工业产值耗水量过高;农业灌溉用水的有效利用率过低;水污染严重;地下水开采过度;补给严重不足。因此,保护水资源、推行全社会节水是我国经济和社会可持续发展的永恒主题。充分认识节水是一项革命性措施;节水应从水资源管理体制和水价形成机制上入手;节水应突出重点,加强对用水大户的管理。同时,要把效益节水与强制节水结合起来,建立水资源宏观调控指标体系和微观定额指标体系,并加大对节水的投入力度。
China is a country where the distribution of water resources is irrational in time and space and the water resources per capita is low. Compared with the developed countries, the water consumption of China’s industrial output value of 10,000 yuan is too high; the effective utilization rate of agricultural irrigation water is too low; the water pollution is serious; the exploitation of groundwater is excessive; and the supply is seriously insufficient. Therefore, protecting water resources and promoting water conservation throughout the entire society are the eternal themes of China’s economic and social sustainable development. Fully understand water-saving is a revolutionary measure; water conservation should start from the water resources management system and water pricing mechanism; water conservation should focus on strengthening the management of large water users. At the same time, it is necessary to combine the benefits of water conservation and compulsory water conservation to establish the macro-control index system and the micro-quota index system of water resources and increase the investment in water saving.