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为探讨豫西烟区最优的栽培措施组合,采用正交试验研究了不同品种、氮用量和密度对烟叶化学品质和经济性状的影响。结果表明:3个因素相比,品种对总糖和还原糖影响最大;施氮量增加使烟叶总氮含量增加;3个因素对中部叶化学成分协调性综合评价得分的影响大小顺序为施氮量>品种>密度,获得化学成分最协调的栽培组合为A1B2C2(品种:秦烟96;移栽密度:16 500株·hm-2;施氮量:67.5 kg·hm-2);从产量上分析,3个因素对产量的影响大小顺序为品种>施氮量>密度,要获得产量最高的组合为A3B3C3(品种:豫烟6号;移栽密度:18000株·hm-2;施氮量:90.0 kg·hm-2);从产值上分析,最好的组合为A1B2C2(品种:秦烟96;移栽密度:16 500株·hm-2;施氮量:67.5 kg·hm-2),其产值、均价和上等烟比例分别为62 770.5元·hm-2、19.21元·kg-1和58.6%。综合分析,在豫西烟区前期干旱后期降水分配较均匀且光照充足的条件下,可选择品种秦烟96,种植密度16500株·hm-2,氮肥施用量67.5 kg·hm-2的栽培技术进行推广应用。
In order to explore the best combination of cultivation measures in tobacco growing areas of west Henan, orthogonal test was conducted to study the effects of different varieties, nitrogen rates and densities on chemical quality and economic traits of tobacco leaves. The results showed that the three cultivars had the greatest effect on the total sugar and reducing sugar. The increase of nitrogen application increased the total nitrogen content of tobacco leaves. The order of the three factors influencing the comprehensive evaluation of the chemical components of middle leaves was nitrogen The best combinations of chemical composition were A1B2C2 (variety: QinYan 96; transplanting density: 16 500 plants · hm-2; nitrogen application rate: 67.5 kg · hm-2) The results showed that the order of the three factors affecting the yield was variety> nitrogen application rate> density, and the highest yield was A3B3C3 (variety: Yuyan 6; transplanting density: 18000 plants · hm-2; : 90.0 kg · hm-2). The best combination was A1B2C2 (variety: QinYan 96; transplanting density: 16 500 plants · hm-2) and nitrogen application rate: 67.5 kg · hm-2 The output, the average price and the proportion of superior tobacco were 62 770.5 yuan · hm-2, 19.21 yuan · kg-1 and 58.6% respectively. Comprehensive analysis showed that under the conditions of more uniform and sufficient rainfall distribution in the late drought period in the early stage of the tobacco growing area of West Henan, the cultivation techniques of Qinyan 96, planting density 16500 plants · hm-2, and nitrogen fertilizer application 67.5 kg · hm-2 To promote the application.