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最近已经了解到不同微生物在不同矿物表面化学性质变化中起着重要作用。例如,矿质化学营养细菌(如嗜酸的氧化亚铁硫杆菌和硫氧化硫杆菌)可急剧地改变一些硫化矿物(如黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿和毒砂)的表面化学组成。异养细菌(如Paenibacillus polymaxy(多粘芽胞杆菌))也可改变氧化矿物(赤铁矿、氧化铝、二氧化硅、高岭石和方解石)的动电性质。在选矿(即选择性浮选和选择性絮凝)中应用矿物与细菌的相互作用是有好处的。与生物浸出不同,细菌诱导选矿借助矿物-溶液-细菌界面上快速发生的界面反应,这种作用是由在分离的水介质中的表面化学变化引起的。本文叙述了嗜酸的矿质化学细菌(如氧化亚铁硫杆菌和硫氧化硫杆菌)和嗜中性的异养细菌(如Paenibacillus polymaxy在硫化矿物和氧化矿物分选所起的作用。根据可能的机理讨论了细菌细胞和代谢产物(如生物蛋白质和外多糖)在改变矿物表面化学组成中所起的作用。还说明了在矿物分选中所用的生物药剂。概括了细菌诱导选矿的工业应用前景和未来的挑战。
It has recently been realized that different microorganisms play an important role in the chemical changes of different mineral surfaces. For example, mineral chemical nutrient bacteria such as Acidophilus Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans can drastically change some sulfide minerals such as pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena and arsenopyrite, The surface chemical composition. Heterotrophic bacteria such as Paenibacillus polymaxy also alter the electrokinetic properties of oxidized minerals (hematite, alumina, silica, kaolinite and calcite). It is advantageous to apply the mineral-bacteria interaction in beneficiation (ie, selective flotation and selective flocculation). Unlike bioleaching, bacterial induced beneficiation relies on rapid interfacial reactions at the mineral-solution-bacterial interface caused by surface chemical changes in the separated aqueous medium. This article describes the role of acidophilic mineral chemical bacteria such as Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans and neutrophilic heterotrophic bacteria such as Paenibacillus polymaxy in the sorting of sulphide minerals and oxide minerals. Mechanisms discuss the role of bacterial cells and metabolites, such as biological proteins and exopolysaccharides, in altering the chemical composition of mineral surfaces, and also illustrate biopharmaceuticals used in mineral separation, highlighting the industrial applications of bacterial-induced beneficiation and Future challenges.