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为了解紫粒小麦籽粒色素的形成机理,以绵阳26和川麦107为对照,研究了紫粒小麦(032-1、漯珍1号、黑粒小麦76、XNZ-1)籽粒发育过程中色素含量的动态变化,结果表明:(1)在紫粒小麦籽粒发育进程中,籽粒总色素与花色素含量都呈先升后降的趋势,在花后29 d达到最高,且显著高于对照;(2)籽粒总黄酮含量呈先上升后缓慢下降的趋势,而且紫粒颜色越深含量越高,除黑粒小麦76在花后15 d含量达到最高外,其他紫粒小麦都在开花后22 d左右达到最大值,并且在各个时期都与对照川麦107与绵阳26含量差异显著;(3)籽粒叶绿素含量随着籽粒发育天数先上升后下降,到花后22 d达到最高,到开花后36 d时含量已降到很低;(4)类胡萝卜素含量在籽粒整个发育过程中呈下降趋势,在花后36 d左右含量达到最低。因此,可以看出,总色素与花色素是紫粒小麦的关键性色素,在色素的形成过程中主要转化为呈色物质;黄酮是紫粒小麦呈色深浅的重要中介代谢物;黑色素是紫粒小麦的构成色素,且黑色素的形成与叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的降解存在一定的关系。
In order to understand the mechanism of pigment formation in purple grain wheat, Mianyang 26 and Chuanmai 107 were used as control to study the effects of Mianyang 26 on the development of pigment during the grain development of purple wheat (032-1, Luozhen 1, black grain wheat 76, XNZ-1) The results showed that: (1) The total pigment and anthocyanidin contents in kernels of all the cultivars tended to increase first and then decrease, which reached the highest at 29 d after anthesis, which was significantly higher than that of the control. (2) The content of total flavonoids in the kernel tended to rise slowly and then decreased slowly, and the deeper the purple color, the higher the content of black kernel 76 reached the maximum at 15 days after flowering. (P <0.05). (3) The content of chlorophyll in kernels increased first and then decreased with the days of grain development, and reached the peak at 22 d after anthesis, after flowering The content of carotenoids decreased to a very low level at 36 d. (4) The content of carotenoids showed a downward trend during the whole development of the grain, and reached the lowest level at 36 d after anthesis. Therefore, it can be seen that the total pigment and anthocyanidin are the key pigments of purple wheat, which are mainly converted into the coloring matter during the formation of pigment. Flavonoid is an important intermediate metabolite of purple wheat in the color depth; melanin is purple The composition of wheat grain pigment, and the formation of melanin and chlorophyll and carotenoid degradation there is a certain relationship.