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综述了我国不同放牧强度对草地土壤微生物区系组成、微生物数量及土壤微生物的时空分布变化研究,草地的不同利用方式对土壤微生物的影响。草地土壤微生物类群主要由真菌、细菌和放线菌等组成,它们也是草地土壤微生物中数量最大的3个类群,其中,细菌数量最多,放线菌次之,真菌最少。在空间上,草地土壤微生物数量表现为随土层的加深逐渐减少,季节分布表现为春季随温度的上升逐渐增高,最高峰出现在8月中旬,冬季降到最低。因此微生物在草地生态系统的能量流动和物质转化中起着重要的作用。
This paper summarized the effects of different grazing intensities on the composition of soil microbes, the number of microbes and the temporal and spatial distribution of soil microbes, and the effects of grassland on soil microbes. Grassland soil microbial community is mainly composed of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes, which are also the three largest groups of soil microbes in grassland, of which the largest number of bacteria, followed by actinomycetes and fungi at least. Spatially, the quantity of soil microbes in grassland decreased with the deepening of soil depth. The seasonal distribution showed that the spring soil temperature increased gradually with the increase of temperature, the highest peak appeared in mid-August and the lowest in winter. Therefore, microbes play an important role in the energy flow and material conversion of grassland ecosystems.