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本文根据1953-1984年的北极地区逐月海冰覆盖范围资料,将北极地区划分为8个分区,并采用自然正交分解和谱分析等方法,揭示了北极海冰面积的时空分布特征,并给予相应的物理解释。分析结果表明,北极海冰面积具有显著的季节性及非季节性周期振荡现象;各分区海冰界线的多年平均位置及年际变化幅度差异甚大。北极海冰面积的这种时空分布特征,主要与北极地区的海陆分布状况、洋流、海温、太阳辐射以及诸如太阳活动、地极移动、地球自转速度变化等宇宙—地球物理因子有关。
Based on the monthly sea ice coverage data of the Arctic in 1953-1984, the paper divides the Arctic into eight subareas and reveals the temporal and spatial distribution of Arctic sea ice area by means of natural orthogonal decomposition and spectral analysis Give the corresponding physical explanation. The analysis shows that the Arctic sea ice area has significant seasonal and non-seasonal periodic oscillations. The multi-year average position and the interannual variation range of the sea ice boundaries vary greatly in each subarea. The temporal and spatial distribution of Arctic sea ice is mainly related to the Arctic sea and land distribution, ocean currents, sea temperature, solar radiation and the cosmic-geophysical factors such as solar activity, movement of the earth’s poles and changes in the Earth’s rotation speed.