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秦汉史籍在记述和评价游牧民族时,多用一些充满误解和偏见的字眼,认为游牧民族文化野蛮落后,性格尚武斗狠,观念好利轻义,环境寒苦恶劣。常常用“贪而好利”、“人面兽心”、“不属为人”等词形容之。这样的认识偏离了客观公正的轨道,带有明显的偏见和误解。造成这种情况的原因是多方面的,既有战争对峙带来的仇视心理,也有缺乏交流造成的隔阂猜忌;既有记述权的不平衡形成的民族偏见,也有夷夏有别的传统的历史影响。只有拨开笼罩在史料中的重重迷雾,才能对历史进行正确的分析和认识。
When describing and evaluating nomadic ethnic groups, the historical books of the Qin and Han dynasties often use words full of misunderstandings and prejudices. They think that the nomadic culture is brutal and laggard, its character is fierce and unyielding, the concepts are good and light, and the environment is bitter and cold. Often used “greed and profit ”, “human face beast ”, “does not belong to person ” and other words to describe it. Such understanding deviates from the objective and fair track with obvious bias and misunderstanding. The reasons for this are many. There are not only the hatred caused by the war’s confrontation but also the estrangement caused by the lack of exchanges. There are both national prejudices created by imbalances in narrative rights and other traditional histories influences. Only by laying aside the heavy fog enveloped in historical data can we correctly analyze and understand history.