目的:掌握十堰市5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因,为降低5岁以下儿童死亡率提供依据。方法:对2003~2007年十堰市5岁以下儿童死亡监测资料进行统计分析。结果:十堰市婴儿以及5岁以下儿童死亡率呈下降趋势;5岁以下儿童主要死因是早产和低出生体重、出生窒息、溺水和意外窒息;非户籍人口的婴儿及5岁以下儿童死亡率高于常住人口的死亡率。结论:加强围产期保健工作,重点加强对流动人口中5岁以下儿童的保健,控制意外死亡,是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键。 Objective: To master the main causes of the death of children under 5 years of age in Shiyan, and provide the basis for reducing the mortality rate of children under 5 years old. Methods: The data of death monitoring of children under 5 years old in Shiyan City from 2003 to 2007 were statistically analyzed. Results: The infant and under-5 mortality rates in Shiyan City showed a decreasing trend. The main causes of death in children under 5 were premature birth and low birth weight, asphyxiation, drowning and accidental asphyxia. The death rates of infants and children under 5 years of age were higher than those of non-resident children Mortality in the resident population. CONCLUSIONS: Strengthening perinatal care, focusing on health care for children under 5 years of age in the floating population, and controlling unplanned deaths, are key to reducing the under-five mortality rate.