马王堆汉墓漆器纹饰中,包含一种罕见的狸猫纹图像。本文拟以此类图像为中心,试从四个方面展开探讨:一是考其名,依据马王堆简帛资料与先秦两汉传世文献,推论此类动物可能有“狸”“猫”等不同称谓;两者在种属上有交集,但在指称上却常有混淆。二是观其形,这种图像具有较强写实风格;其表现方式有漆绘与锥画两种,观察视角有正面、侧面和背面三种;体态或圆润或矫健,神情或憨萌或机警,可能体现了两种不同的生存状态。三是溯其源,结合迄今公布的相关考古资料,追溯此类动物进入人类生活的历史进程,及其图像来源。四是辨其意,通过分析这批漆器的出土环境,以及当时的社会意识形态,探索狸猫图像作为漆器装饰纹样的象征意义。 Mawangdui tomb lacquer decoration, contains a rare civet cats image. This paper intends to focus on this kind of image, try to explore from four aspects: First, test its name, according to Mawangdui books and silk materials and pre-Qin and Han dynasties handed down literature, infer that such animals may have “raccoon dog” And other different appellation; the two have the intersection of species, but the allegations are often confused. Second, the concept of its shape, this image has a strong realistic style; its performance is painted and cone-painted two kinds of observation angle has a positive, side and back three; body or mellow or vigorous, look or simple Meng or alert , May reflect two different living conditions. Third, trace its origins and trace the historical process of the entry of such animals into human life and the source of their images, taking into account the relevant archaeological data published so far. Fourthly, by analyzing the unearthed environment of these lacquer wares and the social ideology at that time, the paper explores the symbolic meaning of civet cats’ images as decorative patterns of lacquerware.