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目的 探讨新生儿高促甲状腺素血症(HT)的自然转归及影响因素,研究治疗时机的选择.方法 选取2012年1月-2014年12月在该院筛查并诊断为HT的新生儿200例,对第一次甲状腺功能复查显示促甲状腺激素(TSH)≥15 mU/L的新生儿采用药物治疗,对TSH值为6～15 mU/L者进行不服药处理并随访一年,其中TSH值为10 ～ 15 mU/L者设为随访A组,TSH值为6～ 10 mU/L者设为随访B组,分析两组的转归状况,并对比两组的智能体格发育状况,探讨药物治疗时机的选择.结果 随访组高达82.28％的HT患儿甲状腺功能在半岁以内恢复正常.随访A、B两组新生儿的自然转归结果比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),甲、乙两组智能、身长发育水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 绝大多数的TSH＜ 15 mU/L的HT新生儿可自然转归,其甲状腺功能在半年内可恢复正常;TSH值的轻度增高与HT转归无明显相关性,TSH值只有出现明显增高才可能影响到HT的转归.对于TSH值介于10～ 15 mU/L的HT新生儿药物治疗时机的选择应该进行多指标综合性考量.“,”Objective To explore the natural outcomes and influencing factors of neonatal hyperthyropinemia,study the choice of drug treatment opportunity.Methods Two hundred neonates diagnosed as hyperthyropinemia in the hospital from January 2012 to December 2014 were selected,the neonates with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) ≥ 15 mU/L during the first screening of thyroid function were treated by drugs,and the neonates with TSH 6-15 mU/L were followed up for one year without drug treatment.The neonates with TSH 6-15 mU/L were divided into follow-up A group (TSH:10-15 mU/L) and follow-up B group (TSH:6-10 mU/L).The outcomes in the two groups were analyzed.The intelligent development status were compared between the two groups,the choice of drug treatment opportunity was researched.Results In follow-up group,thyroid function returned to normal among 82.28％ of the neonates with neonatal hyperthyropinemia,there was no statistically significant difference in natural outcomes,intelligent and height development levels between follow-up A group and follow-up B group (P＞0.05).Conclusion Natural outcomes can be achieved among most hyperthyropinemia neonates with TSH＜ 15 mU/L,thyroid function returns to normal within six months.There is no significant correlation between slight increase of TSH levels and outcomes of neonates with hyperthyropinemia.Significant increased TSH levels may affect outcomes of neonatal hyperthyropinemia.The choice of drug treatment opportunity among neonates with TSH 10-15 mU/L should be considered comprehensively.