科学文化知识的掌握和人际交往能力的培养,是个体成长过程中面临的两个重要问题。当前的基础教育改革关注发展中的人,强调从促进个体生命发展的高度,提高学生掌握知识的能力和个性的健康发展程度。为此,中小学管理者需要知道,在不同的年龄段,学生会遇到哪些不同的学习问题和心 The mastery of scientific and cultural knowledge and the cultivation of interpersonal skills are two important issues that individuals face in their growth. At present, the reform of basic education focuses on those in development, emphasizing the promotion of individual life development and the enhancement of students’ ability to master knowledge and the healthy development of individuality. For this reason, primary and secondary school managers need to know what different learning problems and minds students have at different ages