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本文基于马歇尔外部性理论,利用2003～2010年全国284个地级及以上城市面板数据,从要素供给方面探讨了空间外部性对城市劳动生产率的影响及城市间的供给关联机制。研究发现,专业化劳动力可得性、中间投入可得性和区际技术溢出对城市劳动生产率的促进作用在100公里范围内最为显著和稳定。在空间供给外部性作用下,多数城市具有明显的净集聚经济效益。考虑地方保护主义和国际、国内市场潜力与空间供给变量的交叉影响后发现,地方保护主义显著抑制了专业化劳动力和中间投入可得性的影响效果,但对技术溢出的作用不显著;国内、国际市场均加强了专业化劳动力可得性的影响效果,且国际市场潜力的作用更为明显;国际市场潜力对中间投入可得性的作用效果具有正向影响,而国内市场潜力的作用为负;国内市场比国际市场更能够促进城市间的技术溢出效应。
Based on the theory of Marshallian externality and using the panel data of 284 prefecture-level cities and above in China from 2003 to 2010, this paper explores the impact of spatial externalities on urban labor productivity and the supply-related mechanism among cities in terms of supply of factors. The study found that the promotion of labor productivity in urban areas is the most obvious and stable within 100 km with the availability of specialized labor, the availability of intermediate inputs and the regional technology spillovers. In the space supply of externalities, most cities have obvious net economic agglomeration benefits. Considering the cross-impact of local protectionism and international and domestic market potentials and spatial supply variables, we find that local protectionism significantly inhibits the effect of specialized labor and intermediate input availability, but has no significant effect on technology spillovers; domestic, The international market has strengthened the effect of the availability of specialized labor force and the role of international market potential has become more pronounced. The potential of the international market has a positive effect on the effect of the availability of intermediate inputs while the effect of domestic market potential has been negative ; The domestic market is more capable of promoting the technology spillover effect among cities than the international market.