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最初,人们对于语言的研究是从属于哲学研究的。我国春秋战国时期诸子百家关于“名”“实”问题的讨论,古代希腊哲学家的“自然”(nature)与“规约”(convention)之争,都是与语言有关的哲学研究。语言学从哲学中分离出来,成为一门独立的科学,总共才两百多年的历史。两百多年来,语言学有了很大的发展:普通语言学与社会学、心理学的结合产生了社会语言学、心理语言学;普通语言学本身也形成了传统语法、结构主义语法和转换生成语法三大流派。由于西方语言学家多以英语作为目的语,因此语言学的发展便不可避免地对英语教学产生了巨大的影响。
At first, people’s study of language was subordinate to philosophical research. The discussions on the issue of “name” and “reality” among hundreds of Chinese philosophers in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States period are the philosophical researches on language which are related to the debate between “nature” and “convention” of ancient Greek philosophers. Linguistics separated from philosophy and become an independent science, a total of only two hundred years of history. For more than two hundred years, there has been a great development in linguistics. The combination of general linguistics and sociology and psychology has resulted in social linguistics and psycholinguistics. Ordinary linguistics itself has also formed traditional grammar, structuralist grammar and Transform generated grammar three major genres. As Western linguists mostly use English as their target language, the development of linguistics will inevitably have a huge impact on English teaching.