目的探讨孤独症患儿与正常儿童血清性激素水平差异,以及其可能的临床意义。方法采用病例对照研究的方法,按照《国际疾病和相关健康问题统计分类第十版》(ICD-10)诊断标准收集45例孤独症患儿(男38例/女7例),平均年龄(65.73±15.10)月和40例正常对照儿童(男27例/女13例),平均月龄(68.78±10.11)月。采用化学发光免疫分析法测定血清卵泡刺激素(Follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)、促黄体生成素(Luteotropic hormone,LH)、雌二醇(Estradiol,E2)、孕酮(Progesterone,P)、睾酮(Testosterone,T)的水平。并进行统计分析,统计方法采用Wilcoxon秩和检验,P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。结果孤独症患儿雌二醇水平均显著高于正常对照组(Z=-6.277;P<0.001);孤独症患儿的孕酮水平显著高于正常对照组(Z=-5.209;P<0.001),孤独症患儿的睾酮水平显著高于正常对照组(Z=-8.198;P<0.001)。血清卵泡刺激素、促黄体生成素水平两组之间差异均无统计学意义(Z分别为-1.118,-1.215,均P>0.05)。结论孤独症患儿雌二醇、孕酮及睾酮水平升高,提示其水平变化与孤独症的发生密切相关。 Objective To investigate the difference of serum sex hormone levels between children with autism and normal children and its possible clinical significance. Methods A total of 45 autistic children (38 males and 7 females) were collected according to the diagnostic criteria of ICD-10 in the case-control study. The mean age (65.73 ± 15.10) months and 40 normal control children (27 males and 13 females) with an average age of 68.78 ± 10.11 months. The chemiluminescence immunoassay was used to detect the expressions of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteotropic hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), testosterone Testosterone, T) levels. And statistical analysis, statistical methods using Wilcoxon rank sum test, P <0.05 said the difference was statistically significant. Results The level of estradiol in children with autism was significantly higher than that in the normal control group (Z = -6.277; P <0.001). The level of progesterone in children with autism was significantly higher than that in the normal control group (Z = -5.209; P <0.001) ), Testosterone levels in children with autism were significantly higher than those in the normal controls (Z = -8.198; P <0.001). Serum follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels had no significant difference between the two groups (Z = -1.118, -1.215, all P> 0.05). Conclusions Children with autism have higher levels of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone, suggesting that the level of estrogen is closely related to the occurrence of autism.