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目的探索煤焦化、煤气化和煤化工污染排放对周边人群的健康影响。方法对我国西南某大型煤焦化工业区(暴露区,27 682人)及其对照区(26 805人)居民开展了2005—2011年死因回顾调查,其中暴露区又分为中心社区(距工业区边界≤3 km)和周围农村地区(距工业区边界3~8km)。采用ICD-10进行死因分类,计算死亡率,并采用我国1982年标准人口构成计算标化死亡率(标化死亡率)。结果暴露区死亡率为5.94‰,标化死亡率为5.89‰;对照区死亡率为6.90‰,标化死亡率为5.04‰;暴露区中心社区标化死亡率(7.30‰)>暴露区农村地区(5.36‰)>对照区。恶性肿瘤是暴露区死亡率最高的疾病,其标化死亡率(121.34/10万)是我国2004—2005年死因回顾抽样调查地区的1.3倍,是对照区的2.2倍;暴露区恶性肿瘤中肺癌、白血病、膀胱癌死亡率高,其标化死亡率分别为46.50/10万、9.02/10万和4.21/10万,分别是全国的2.3、2.6和5.0倍,是对照区的3.2、1.8和3.5倍。结论暴露区恶性肿瘤的高死亡率可能与焦化工业的污染物排放有关,如肺癌和膀胱癌可能与多环芳烃排放有关,白血病可能与苯排放有关,建议进一步开展深入的环境监测和人群流行病学调查。
Objective To explore the health effects of coal coking, coal gasification and coal chemical pollution on the surrounding population. Methods A retrospective investigation of the cause of death from 2005 to 2011 was conducted on residents of a large coal-coking industrial area (exposed area, 27,682 persons) and its control area (26,805 persons) in the southwest of China. The exposed area was divided into the central community Border ≤ 3 km) and the surrounding rural areas (3 ~ 8km from the border of the industrial zone). The ICD-10 was used to classify the cause of death and calculate the death rate. The standardization of death rate (normalized death rate) was calculated using the standard population of 1982 in China. Results The mortality rate in the exposed area was 5.94 ‰, and the standardized mortality was 5.89 ‰. The mortality rate in the control area was 6.90 ‰, and the standardized mortality rate was 5.04 ‰. The standardized community-based mortality rate (7.30 ‰) in the exposed area was higher than that in the rural areas (5.36 ‰)> control area. Malignant tumor is the most deadly disease in exposed area. The normalized death rate (121.34 / 100000) is 1.3 times of that in 2004-2005 retrospective sample survey in our country and 2.2 times that of the control area. In the exposed area, the malignant tumor of lung cancer , Leukemia, high mortality of bladder cancer, the normalized mortality rates were 46.50 / 100,000, 9.02 / 100,000 and 4.21 / 100,000, respectively, which were 2.3, 2.6 and 5.0 times of the whole country respectively, which were 3.2, 1.8 and 3.5 times. Conclusions The high mortality rate of malignant tumors in exposed area may be related to the pollutant emissions of coking industry. For example, lung cancer and bladder cancer may be related to PAH emissions. Leukemia may be related to benzene emissions. It is suggested that further environmental monitoring and population epidemic should be carried out Learn to investigate.