在过去单一计划经济体制下,大中型企业是政府部门的附属物,企业的产、供、销,人、财、物全由国家主管部门直接管理,盈利全部上缴,亏损全由国家包下来。其结果是:割断了企业经营效果与职工劳动报酬之间的直接联系,排除了利益机制的作用,形成了“铁饭碗”的局面,严重地制约了企业和职工不断改善经营管理的积极性,国有大中型企业没有活力。 In the past, under a single planned economic system, large and medium-sized enterprises were subsidiaries of government departments. The production, supply and sales of enterprises, people, finances, and goods were all directly managed by the competent authorities of the state, and all profits were turned over. The losses were all packaged by the state. As a result, the direct link between the company’s business performance and the employee’s labor remuneration was cut off, the role of the interest mechanism was ruled out, and the “iron rice bowl” situation was created, which severely restricted the enthusiasm of the company and its employees in continuously improving their management. Large and medium-sized enterprises have no vitality.