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Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of medicine-separated moxibustion for primary dysmenorrhea and its influence on plasma hormone level. Methods: Ninety-six patients suffering from primary dysmenorrhea were randomly and evenly divided into treatment group treated with medicine-separated moxibustion of Shenque (神阙CV 8, 3-5 cones every time, beginning 1 week before onset of menstruation and stopping on the 3rd day after onset, with 10 sessions being a therapeutic course, 3 courses all together), and control group treated with oral administration of Yueyueshu (月月舒menstruation-smoothing granule, 10 g/time, b.i.d, 3 courses altogether). Menses prostaglandin E2 (PGF2α) and plasma oxytocin (OT) during menstruation were determined by radioimmunoassay. Results: After the treatment, of the two 48 cases in treatment and control groups, 18 and 5 were cured, 24 and 9 had marked improvement in their symptoms, 6 and 26 had improvement, 0 and 8 failed in the treatment, with the total effective rates being 100.0% and 83.3% respectively, the therapeutic effect of treatment group was markedly superior to that of control group (P