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【目的】随着籼粳杂交稻育种技术的发展与完善,直接利用籼粳亚种间杂种优势培育高产的水稻品种已成为可能。利用InDel分子标记及其成熟的技术,准确地分析品种的籼粳基因型频率、籼粳属性、品种类型与竞争优势水平,对籼粳杂交稻的育种与品种类别的甄别具有重要意义。【方法】征集浙江省多家育种单位培育的24个籼粳杂交组合和粳粳杂交组合,选用18对InDel分子标记引物,检测水稻样品在InDel位点上的粳型基因频率,判别参试品种的籼粳属性。采用Nei的方法求算参试品种的InDel遗传距离,用UPGMA法进行遗传相似性聚类,用SPSS 17.0统计分析软件对InDel条带赋值进行主成分分析,依据第一和第二主成分特征向量的平均分量值作平面散点图。调查或考察全生育期、株高、每穗总粒数、千粒重等10项主要农艺性状,测定小区籽粒产量及产量的竞争优势。测定InDel遗传距离与籼粳杂交组合和粳粳杂交组合竞争优势的相关性。【结果】18对InDel引物可扩增获得每个材料的籼稻特异带、粳稻特异带和籼粳杂合带型,经计算粳型基因频率,所有参试材料准确地判别出籼粳属性,并归为6类,其中12个为籼粳杂交组合,另外13个为粳粳杂交组合。经InDel标记的聚类分析,验证了上述判别的正确性。PCA分析把所有品种归入3个不重叠的区域,即籼稻区、典型粳稻与粳稻区、偏粳型与中间型区。籼粳杂交稻品种的2年小区籽粒产量分别比粳粳杂交稻品种增产12.47%和14.89%,表现十分明显的产量竞争优势。对比2类组合的10项农艺性状,籼粳杂交稻组的每穗总粒数2年分别比粳粳杂交稻品种增加32.0%和37.1%,每穗实粒数2年分别增加26.8%与34.4%,说明大穗是籼粳杂交稻增产的主要贡献因子。分析参试组合与嘉优2号的遗传距离(GD)及其各性状的竞争优势的相关性,结果粳粳杂交稻组合未发现有相关性,籼粳杂交稻表现为穗长和千粒重极显著呈正相关,着粒密度呈现为显著负相关。【结论】InDel分子标记技术可以有效地测定各种类型品种的粳型基因频率,并判别参试品种的籼粳属性,甄别品种的类型。籼粳杂交稻籽粒产量的竞争优势十分明显,其主要贡献因子是较大的每穗粒数。
【Objective】 With the development and improvement of indica-japonica hybrid rice breeding technology, it has become possible to cultivate high-yielding rice varieties by directly utilizing the heterosis between indica and japonica subspecies. Using InDel molecular markers and its mature technology to accurately analyze the indica - japonica genotype frequency, indica - japonica property, variety type and competitive advantage of varieties is of great significance to breeding of indica and japonica hybrid rice and the classification of varieties. 【Method】 Twenty-four indica-japonica crosses and japonica-japonica crosses were obtained from a number of breeding units in Zhejiang Province. 18 pairs of InDel primers were selected to detect the japonica gene frequency at InDel locus, Of indica and japonica properties. Nei’s method was used to calculate the InDel genetic distance of the tested cultivars. The UPGMA method was used to cluster the genetic similarity. Principal components analysis was performed on the InDel bands using SPSS 17.0 statistical analysis software. According to the first and second principal component eigenvectors The average component value for the plane scatter plot. Investigate or examine ten main agronomic traits such as whole growth period, plant height, total grain number per panicle, 1000-grain weight, and determine the competitive advantages of plot grain yield and yield. The correlation between InDel genetic distance and the competitive advantages of indica-japonica hybrids and japonica-japonica hybrids was determined. 【Result】 18 pairs of InDel primers were used to amplify the Indica-specific bands, Japonica-specific bands and indica-japonica hybrid bands of each material. By calculating the frequency of japonica genes, all the tested materials accurately discriminate indica and japonica It is classified into 6 types, of which 12 are indica-japonica hybrids and 13 are japonica-japonica hybrids. The InDel-labeled clustering analysis verifies the correctness of the above discrimination. The PCA analysis classified all the cultivars into three non-overlapping regions, that is, indica rice, japonica rice and japonica rice, japonica-japonica type and intermediate type. The yield of two-year plot of indica-japonica hybrid rice increased by 12.47% and 14.89%, respectively, compared with that of japonica-japonica hybrid rice, showing obvious yield competitive advantage. Compared with the two agronomic traits, the total grains per panicle in indica / japonica hybrid rice increased by 32.0% and 37.1% respectively compared with japonica-japonica hybrid rice in two years, and increased by 26.8% and 34.4% respectively %, Indicating that the big spike is the main contributor to the yield increase of hybrid rice with indica and japonica. The genetic distance (GD) and the competitive advantage of each trait of Jiayou 2 were analyzed. The results showed that there was no correlation between japonica-japonica hybrid rice combinations and indica japonica hybrid rice showed spike length and 1000-grain weight were significant Was positive correlation, grain density showed a significant negative correlation. 【Conclusion】 The InDel molecular marker technique can effectively determine the japonica genotype frequencies of various types of cultivars and determine the indica and japonica properties of the tested cultivars and the types of cultivars. Indica-japonica hybrid rice grain yield competitive advantage is obvious, the main contributor is the larger grains per spike.