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目的了解黑龙江省农村地区医疗机构医院感染知识掌握情况,根据存在问题提出相应的管理对策。方法于2015年5—9月以黑龙江省哈尔滨市农村地区5所县(市)级医院及10所乡镇卫生院700名医务人员进行现场问卷调查。结果有效调查医务人员544人,医院感染知识平均分为(60.80±17.52)分,县级医院医务人员平均分为(66.00±15.76)分,乡镇卫生院医务人员平均分为(51.01±16.50)分;县、乡两级医务人员在综合知识、消毒灭菌、手卫生、医疗废物、隔离、抗菌药物使用及职业防护方面差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);医务人员医院感染知识获取途径排在前3位的依次为院内培训、科室培训、院内各种宣传,分别占76.7%、48.9%、49.6%;不同职务、职称、学历的医务人员医院感染知识比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);护士知识掌握情况优于医生,本科医务人员优于大专以下学历医务人员;不同工作年限医务人员医院感染知识比较差异无统计学意义。结论农村医疗机构医务人员医院感染知识认知程度较低,认知水平亟待提高。需针对不同人群开展多样化相关培训,为高质量医疗工作提供基础保证。
Objective To understand the knowledge of nosocomial infection in medical institutions in rural areas of Heilongjiang Province and put forward the corresponding management strategies according to the existing problems. Methods From May to September 2015, 700 medical staffs from 5 county (city) level hospitals and 10 township hospitals in rural areas of Harbin City of Heilongjiang Province were surveyed on site. Results An average of 544 medical staff were investigated. The knowledge of nosocomial infection was averagely (60.80 ± 17.52) points. The average medical staff at county level was (66.00 ± 15.76) points. The average medical staff in township hospitals was (51.01 ± 16.50) points (P <0.01). The access of medical staff to hospital infection knowledge was statistically significant (P <0.01). The medical staffs at county and township levels had significant differences in comprehensive knowledge, disinfection and sterilization, hand hygiene, medical waste, isolation, use of antibacterial drugs and occupational protection The top 3 were hospital training, department training and hospital publicity respectively, accounting for 76.7%, 48.9% and 49.6% respectively. There was significant statistical difference in hospital infection knowledge among medical staff with different positions, titles and qualifications P <0.05); knowledge of nurses better than the doctor, undergraduate medical staff is better than the academic qualifications of medical staff; hospital staff with different working years of medical staff was no significant difference in knowledge of infection. Conclusion The awareness of nosocomial infection among medical personnel in rural medical institutions is low, and their cognition level needs to be improved urgently. It is necessary to carry out diversified trainings for different groups of people and provide the basis for high-quality medical work.