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当前我国在海水水质基准/标准研究和近海污染物的环境风险评价方面还缺乏成熟的关键技术和方法体系,而污染物海洋环境效应阈值(PNEC)是对其进行风险评价的基础和关键,是研究与制定相关环境标准/基准或决策的科学依据。本文重点综述了当前各种PNEC的推导方法,对各方法的原理、应用范围、计算公式和毒性数据要求等内容进行了详细介绍;归纳了各方法的联系、区别和优缺点。针对当前污染物生态毒理学研究现状及海洋环境风险评价需求,尝试性的提出了PNEC推导技术的发展趋势。以期为我国海洋环境质量标准制定和风险评价研究提供有益的参考和借鉴。
At present, China still lacks mature key technologies and methods for marine water quality benchmarking / standards research and offshore risk assessment. The threshold of marine environmental effects of pollutants (PNEC) is the basis and key to risk assessment To study and formulate the scientific basis for relevant environmental standards / benchmarks or decisions. In this paper, the current PNEC derivation methods are summarized. The principle, application range, calculation formula and toxicity data of each method are introduced in detail. The connection, difference, advantages and disadvantages of each method are summarized. In view of the present research status of ecotoxicology of pollutants and the needs of marine environmental risk assessment, tentative proposed the development trend of PNEC derivation technology. With a view to provide a useful reference and reference for China’s marine environmental quality standards development and risk assessment research.