一、引言在世界许多地方的露天矿中都碰到了地下水问题。当开采延伸到含水层的原始测压水面以下时,常要借助于对含水层的强排疏干措施,以降低测压水面和防止矿区涌水。抽水影响范围通常超出采区边界并达到离矿区很远的地方。对影响范围的确定,有助于提前知道因测压水面降低可能受影响的区域。由抽水形成的新测压水面在矿坑附近会形成凹坑,从理论上来说,它要延伸到无限远处,才能与原始测压区相交。因此,用这种方法不能得到抽水的影响范围。在这样的情况下,应用地质统计方法可以解决抽水的影响范围问题。二、原理作为地质统计学基本方法之一的半方差图分 I. INTRODUCTION Groundwater problems have been encountered in surface mines in many parts of the world. When the exploitation extends below the original manometric surface of the aquifer, it is often necessary to resort to the strong drainage of the aquifer to reduce the pressure on the surface of the water and to prevent water in the mine. The pumping area usually extends beyond the boundary of the mining area and reaches far away from the mining area. The determination of the extent of influence helps to know ahead of time the areas that may be affected by the pressure drop in the water. The new piezometric water surface formed by pumping creates pits near the pit, and theoretically it extends to infinity to intersect the original manometry zone. Therefore, this method can not get the impact of pumping. In such cases, the application of geostatistical methods can solve the problem of the extent of pumping. Second, the principle As one of the basic methods of geostatistics semi-variance map points