《义务教育数学课程标准》(2011年版)指出:教学应该以学生的认知发展水平和已有的经验为基础,面向全体学生,注重启发式和因材施教。教师要发挥主导作用,处理好讲授与学生自主学习的关系,引导学生独立思考、主动探索、合作交流,使学生理解和掌握基本的数学知识与技能、数学思想和方法,获得基本的数学活动经验。 The Standard of Compulsory Education Mathematics Curriculum (2011 Edition) states: Teaching should be based on the level of cognitive development and existing experience of students, be aimed at all students, and be based on heuristic and individualized teaching. Teachers should play a leading role, handle the relationship between teaching and students’ autonomous learning, guide students to think independently, take the initiative to explore, cooperate and exchange so that students can understand and master basic mathematics knowledge and skills, mathematical ideas and methods, and gain basic experience in math activities .